Automation and robotics most important Questions

Here are 20 important questions with detailed answers based on 

Automation & Robotics:

1. What is Industrial Automation and its Classification?

• Industrial Automation refers to the use of control systems such as computers, robots, and information technology to manage industrial processes with minimal human intervention.
• Classifications:
  • Fixed Automation: Used for high-volume production with fixed tasks (e.g., assembly lines).
  • Programmable Automation: Used for batch production where machines can be reprogrammed.
  • Flexible Automation: Allows real-time changes in production processes.

2. What are the Levels of Automation?

• Device Level: Involves individual actuators, sensors, and control loops.
• Machine Level: Includes CNC machines, robots, and PLCs.
• Cell or System Level: Groups machines together for production.
• Plant Level: Supervisory control of production lines.
• Enterprise Level: Integration of automation with business planning and logistics.

3. What is Industry 4.0? What is the Role of Smart Factories?

• Industry 4.0 represents the Fourth Industrial Revolution, emphasizing IoT, AI, automation, and real-time data.
• Smart Factories:
  • Optimize production using AI and IoT.
  • Enhance flexibility, efficiency, and reduce operational costs.
  • Ensure real-time monitoring for better decision-making.

4. What are the Advantages and Challenges of Automation in Industry 4.0?

• Advantages:
  • Reduces human errors.
  • Increases efficiency and production.
  • Enhances workplace safety.
• Challenges:
  • High investment costs.
  • Job displacement.
  • Cybersecurity risks.

5. What are the Types of Automation in Production Systems?

• Fixed Automation: High initial cost, used for mass production.
• Programmable Automation: Suitable for batch production, allows product variations.
• Flexible Automation: Real-time changes, adaptable to product variations.

6. Explain Robotics Control Systems and Their Types.

• Open-Loop Control: No feedback mechanism, simple but less accurate.
• Closed-Loop Control: Uses feedback, higher precision.
• Hierarchical Control: Multi-layered decision-making system.
• Distributed Control: Multiple controllers working together.
• Adaptive Control: Modifies operations based on real-time data.

7. What are the Laws of Robotics?

• Asimov’s Laws:
  1. A robot must not harm humans.
  2. A robot must follow human instructions unless it conflicts with the first law.
  3. A robot must protect its own existence unless it conflicts with the first or second law.

8. What is Robot Anatomy?

• Components:
  • Base: Foundation of the robot.
  • Links & Joints: Provide movement.
  • Actuators: Generate motion.
  • Sensors: Provide environmental data.
  • End Effector: Performs tasks like gripping or welding.

9. What is Forward Kinematics in Robotics?

• Definition: Determines the position of the end effector based on joint movements.
• Advantages:
  • Essential for trajectory planning.
  • Easier than inverse kinematics.

10. What are the Classifications of Industrial Robots?

• Based on Geometry:
  • Cartesian
  • Cylindrical
  • SCARA
  • Articulated
  • Delta

11. Explain the Basics of Ladder Logic Programming.

• Used in PLCs, represented by:
  • Rails: Power supply.
  • Rungs: Logical operations.
  • Contacts & Coils: Inputs and outputs.

12. What are the Key Elements of a CIM System?

• Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) combines:
  • CAD, CAM, CNC, Robotics, and AI for production automation.

13. What is Group Technology (GT) and How Does it Support FMS?

• GT: Groups similar parts into families to standardize manufacturing.
• Benefits in FMS:
  • Reduces setup time.
  • Enhances flexibility.
  • Improves efficiency.

14. Advantages and Challenges of Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS)?

• Advantages:
  • Quick changeovers.
  • Automated material handling.
• Challenges:
  • High cost.
  • Complex integration.

15. Compare Hardwired Control Systems and PLC-Based Systems.

• Hardwired:
  • Uses relays and switches.
  • Difficult to modify.
• PLC-Based:
  • Software-based.
  • Easier modifications and troubleshooting.

16. What are Transducers and Sensors?

• Transducers: Convert physical quantities to electrical signals.
• Types:
  • Temperature (Thermocouples).
  • Pressure (Strain Gauge).
  • Displacement (LVDTs).

17. Compare Hydraulic, Pneumatic, and Electric Actuators.

• Hydraulic: High power, used in heavy machinery.
• Pneumatic: Fast, used in automation.
• Electric: Precise, used in robotics.

18. Factors to Consider for a Welding Robot?

• Payload, reach, accuracy, speed, safety, and integration with systems.

19. AC vs. DC Servo Motors in Robotics?

• DC Servo: High torque, simpler control.
• AC Servo: More efficient, lower maintenance.

20. Applications of Vision-Controlled Robotic Systems?

• Automated Inspection: Quality control.
• Assembly Lines: Automated part placement.
• Pick and Place: Sorting in logistics.

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